Improvement in base-burning fire-place heaters



s. e. SEXTQN.

Ba/se Burnin-g Fire Place Heater.

3 Sheets--S-hee 1e Patented Marc1119, 1872.

a sheets--Sheer2- S.. B. SEXTON'.

` Base Burning Fire Place Heater. IN0..124,860, I I Patented March19,1872.

WITNESSES.` e LNvENTom bnf l 3 Sheets--Sheet 3. s.B.sExT0N.

Base Burning Fire Place Heater.

No.124,860, Pmemeemamhrmra;

w'lTNEssEs` INVENron, 5?- f-me r Y Ma-wf ilivrrnn S'rA'rns Pn'rnlv'r@Prien SAMUEL B. SEXTON, OF BALTIMORE,1\IARYLAND.

IMPROVEMENT IN BASE-BURNING FIRE-PLACE HEATERS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 124,860, dated March19,v 1872.

Specification of certain Improvements in Base-Burning Stoves andFenders, invented by SAMUEL B. SEXTON, of Baltimore, inthe county ofBaltimore, and State of Maryland. My improved stove is constructedwithamagazine, the back part of which extends down to the bottom of thenre-chamber, or nearly so, andexpands downward to forman enlargedtire-chamber. The said rear wall ofthe magazine is exposed to air,causing it to serve as a radiating surface, and at the same timepreserving it from burning out. The fuel passes to thecombustion-chamber under the shorter front portion of the magazine, andthe gases having no outlet at back, the draught and iiame are compelledto pass up through the iront of the stove, by which means more light andheat are radiated into the room. My invention further` consists inmaking the front wall of the magazine separate from the rear wall, sothat it may be removed and replaced when necessary; and, further, inmaking it hollow, with a chamber through which air is passed for heatingpurposes, and also to preserve it from the destructive effect of heat.Theair heated within this chamber is either discharged into the roomwhere the stove is located, or else by suitable connections conducted toother apartments. B y these improvements I am enabled to avoid, in allparts of the magazine, the destructive effect which results fromexposing one surface of an iron plate to the direct action of the firewhile its other surface is covered with a mass of coal or other solidmatter, which prevents the circulation of air, or the free radiation orconduction of heat. My invention further consists in connecting thefeed-door of the stove with the register or damper or valve at top ofthe magazine, so that the act of open ing the feed-door for theintroduction of fuel will also open the register or valve to permit' theescape of gases from the magazine into the discharge-fine, and tocommunicate with the main draught ofthe stove. My invention furtherconsists in providingl the fender with a drop-door, arranged ashereinafter described, to permit the removal of the ash-pan withoutmoving the fender.

In the drawing, Figure lis a vertical section of a stove illustrating myinvention, the plane of section being from front to back. Fig.

2 is a vertical section on the line a: w, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a horizontalsection in two planes, indicated by the lines y y, Fig. 1. Y Fig. 4 is aview of the top of the stove, partly in section, so as to exhibit thevalve or register in top of the magazine and the means for operating thesame. Fig. 5 is a section in the same plane as that shown in Fig. l,representing the front wall of the maga-zine, made hollow forcirculation of air. Fig. 6 is a horizontal section on theline z z, Fig.5. The dotted line in Fig. 6 indicates the plane of section representedin Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a section illustrating another modiiication in theconstruction of the hollow' walls of the magazine.

The drawing does not show the ilues by which the gases may be conductedto the base grate G, or nearly so, constituting in fact the mainback-wall of the stove, and is expanded downward so as to form anenlarged fire-chamber and afford room for the combustion of the coal. Cis a chute or conductor, leading' from the top T of the stove throughthe top of the magazine, and covered by a feed-door, l). E is a registeror direct-draught damper in the top of the magazine, to be opened infirst kindling a iire, or to allow the escape of gases when the magazineis to be opened to supply it with coal. Arod, F, connects the feed-doorD with the register E in such a manner that the opening of one opens theother, and the shutting of one closes the other. It will thus be seenthat the act of opening the magazine to supply it with fuel places it incommunication with the direct draught of the stove, so that the gasesare instantly discharged, whereas at other times they can escape onlyunder the lower edge of the front part A of the magazine over thesurface of the incandescent fuel, by which they are ignited and consumedin the front part of the combustionchamber.

rI he front The outer shell H H is provided in front with illuminatingwindows h, and at back with openings h', to admit air to the rear wall Bof the magazine and fire-chamber. Close partitions extend from the fireback B to the outer shell H of the air-chamber, separating the saidair-chamber from the fire-chamberwithin the front portion H 7L of theshell. Sufficient space is left at J for the consumed gases to passaround the outside of the magazine to the space above the same, fromwhich they escape into the discharge-line K. L is the fender, which isconstructed with a door, M, hinged by its lower edge, and adapted to beturned down in the manner illustrated by the dotted lines in Fig. l, soas to admit of taking out the ashpan N without removing the fender.Great advantages result from my mode of extending the back part of themagazine down to the bottoln ofthe fire-chamber, or nearly so, and eX-pandin g it rearward and laterally to give room for the coal to spreadand burn, and form an enlarged combustion-chamber. By

, thus enlarging the lower part of the magazine,

and exposing its back` to the air, it is prevented from burning out, andat the same time it affords a large and effective surface to heat airfor the warming of other apartments, or the same one in which the stoveis placed. In stoves where the magazine is not exposed to theatmosphere, but is covered by coal on one side and surrounded by Haineson the other, it is rapidly destroyed. In my stove the front plate A,which is exposed to heat on its outside, is constructed with a chamber,O, which receives air through apertures o o at each side or at bottom,and discharges it at top or in front through pipes I? B, which may beconstructed and arranged to conduct it to any desired point. The hollowfront plate A O maybe cast in two pieces, and secured together by screwsor other adequate means, or it may be cast in one by means of a core toform the h ollow for the air to pass through. The front part ofthecylinder may be made removable, and may rest by lugs a. a upon the rimor cap of the main lire-chamber, or it may be screwed to the flanges ofthe back B. Either or both modes may be adapted to support the cylinder.If preferred, the removable front A of the magazine containing thechamber O may be used in connection with a supplementary chamber in theback, as illustrated in Fig. 7, suitable openings being made in thejoining-walls of the two chambers to allow air to pass from one to theother. This modification does not change the peculiar features in theconstruction of the back B or removable front A, on which my claims arebased. In this case the space occupied by the air-chamber encroachesonly on that part of the suppl y-reservoir which can be spared withoutdetriment, and will constitute all the alteration necessary in a commonstove to cause the air to pass all around the coal-chamber. The hot airmay be discharged under the rim, as illustrated in Fig. 5, or above it,as shown in Fig. 7 Bymy inven tion I provide a greatly-increased extentof heating surface, and at the same time bring the active combustionentirely in front,.where it is wanted. My stove is also preserved fromliability to clinker, because this effect does not occur on iron exposedto the air. Another great advantage in my mode of constructing themagazine in two parts, divided vertically, consists in the facility thusafforded for the free expansion and contraction of the parts without theviolence and strain that occur either with an entire cylinder or withstraight plates.

Claims.

I claim as my invention- 1. The back B of the magazine and fire-chamber,spreading both rearward and laterally in a downward direction, exposedto the air at back, and otherwise constructed and applied substantiallyas herein set forth.

2. The removable front A of the magazine, combined with the back B,substantially as and for the purposes specified.

3. The chamber O, formed within the removable front A of the magazine,in the manner herein shown and described.

4. The drop-door M, hinged by its lower edge to the fender L, as and forthe purpose set forth.

5. The combined arrangement of feed-door D and damper F for simultaneousoperation, substantially as described.

SAMUEL B. SEXTON.

Witnesses:

GEORGE T. LEONARD, S. B. SnX'roN, Jr.

